Fiber to Fabric

hand labor, sew, sewing thread

प्रत्येक मनुष्य की ३ प्रमुख जरूरतें हैं, रोटी, कपडा और मकान.  पहले दो अध्यायों में हमने रोटी के बारे में कुछ जाना, अब हम कपडे के बारे  में इस  अध्याय में पढ़ेंगे.
We need to wear clothes. Where do clothes come from? Clothes are Fabrics and they are made up of yarn and yarns are made from fibers. When we talk about fibers for fabrics, they are रेशा और पश्म as told in Hindi. They are the things used to make yarns. Silk, Cotton, wool are some kinds of natural fibers. There are man made fibers too like nylon, rayon, polyester etc. and are called synthetic fibers. In 6th standard we will study about the Synthetic and Plant Fibers, while in 7th we study about animal Fibers.

What are plant fibers? As the name suggests , the fibers that we get from plants are called Plant Fibers for eg; Jute, Cotton. The animal fibers are those fibers that we get from animal’s hair/fleece. for eg: wool, silk. The animal and plant fibers are called as Natural Fibers. All other fibers that we get from factories artificially are called as synthetic fibers.For eg: Rayon, Polyester etc.

How do we get Cotton fabric from cotton plants?

Cotton is a natural fiber that we obtain from cotton plant.There are some predefined steps involved in converting cotton plant to cotton cloth.

a) The cotton bolls from cotton plant are hand picked.

b) Ginning is done to separate out seeds from the cotton bolls.

c) Spinning is done to convert yarn from the cotton fibers.

d) Yarn is converted to cloth(Fabric) by weaving through looms and other machines.

e) At last the fabric is ready, which can be sent to the tailor to convert it into different apparels.

Some Basic Questions

  1. Why do we need Fabrics?
    Answer- We need fabrics as apparels to wear, for making curtains, sheets and mats.
  2. Where do we get fibers from?
    Answer- We get fibers from animals, and plants and from factories.
  3. Name some fibers which we get from animals?
    Answer- Silk, wool.
  4. Name some fibers which we get from plants?
    Answer- Cotton, Jute etc.
  5. Which special fibers do we get from rabbits?
    Answer- Angora wool.
  6. Which special fibers do we get from Goats living in high altitudes?
    Answer- Pashmina wool.
  7. Name some synthetic fibers?
    Answer- Polyester, Nylon, rayon etc.

Animal Fibers

The fibers that we get from animals are called as animal fibers. We get different types of wool and silk from various animals. The animals which give us different types of wool are Rabbit, Goat, Sheep, Yak etc.Their hair are converted into fibers. We get silk from silk-worms .

Question 1. Name some animal Fibres?
Answer- Silk, Wool.

Question 2. Which animals gives us wool?
Answer- Sheep, Rabbit, Yak, Goat, Camel etc.

Question 3. Which animal give us Silk?
Answer- Silkworm.

Question 4. Which special type of wool do we get from
A) Goats; – Pashmina Wool
B) Rabbit:- Angora Wool.

Question 5. On which tree do silk worms make cocoon for silk?
Answer- Mulberry Trees.

Question 6. Which Fibre is called the Queen of Textile Fibres?
Answer- Silk Fibre.

Synthetic Fibers

Synthetic fibers are the man made fibers that we get artificially through some chemical processes. For thousands of years natural fibers were the only ones available for making fabrics. In last hundred years or so, fibers are also made from chemical substances which are not obtained from plant or animal sources. These are called synthetic Fibers. Some examples of synthetic fibers are Nylon, Polyester, Rayon, Acrylic etc.They have many advantages over the conventional natural fibers. They can be made strong as per the need and their properties can be changed by changing the substances put in them to make them.

wind sock, gauge, weather resistant

Fill in the blanks

  1. Bed sheets, Blankets, Curtains, Table clothes, Towels dusters etc. are made from different kind of  Fabrics.____________.

    2. Fibres are majorly of two types,Natural_ Fibre and SyntheticFibre.

    3. Thin strands of a thread are made up of still, thinner strands called as ___fibre________________.

    4. The fibres that we get from animals or plants are called _natural_____________ fibres.

    5. The fibres that we make from chemical substances are called ____synthetic fibres________.

    6. Some of the natural fibres are __Animal fibres and plant fibres

    7. Some of the Synthetic Fibres are _Nylon___________, __Polyester__________, __rayon__________

    8. The fruits of cotton plants are called _cotton bolls____________________.
  2. The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called__ginning______________.

    10. Jute fibre is obtained from __stem of jute plant__________________.

    11. We make fabrics from _yarn__, and we make yarn from _fibre___________.

    12. The process of converting fibre into yarn is called _spinning.

    13. Spinning is done by Takli_________, _Charkha_________ and _Spinner___________.

    14. We make fabric from yarn by  __weaving___and __knitting.

    15. Weaving is done by using _looms______________.

    16. Woollen yarn is converted into sweaters or socks by _Knitting____________.

    17. Saree__________, __Turban_ and _dhoti_ are the dresses that are used as un stitched clothing material .

    18. Animal fibres are wool_.

    19. Plant Fibres are obtained from _stem___ and fruits__.

    20. Jute fibre is obtained from stem of a plant.

NCERT Textbook Questions (Class-6)

  1. Classify the following fibers as natural or synthetic:
    Nylon, Cotton, Wool, Silk, Polyester, Jute

         Ans- Natural Fibres : Wool, Cotton, Silk, Jute.
                 Synthetic Fibres: Nylon, Polyester  

  1. State Whether the following statements are true or false.
  2. a) Yarn is made from fibres (true)
    b) Spinning is a process of making Fibres (False)
    c) Jute is the outer covering of coconut. (False)
    d) The process of removing seeds from cotton is called Ginning. (True)
    e) Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric. (true)
    f) Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant. (false)
    g) Polyester is a natural Fibre . (False)
  3. Fill In The Blanks:
  4. a) Plant fibre are obtained from cotton and Jute.
    b) Animal Fibres are silk and wool.
  5. From which part of plant, cotton and jute are obtained?

           Answer- Cotton is obtained from the fruit of cotton plant called cotton bolls, while Jute fibre is obtained from      stem of jute plant.

         6. Name two items that are made from cotton fibers?

       Ans- Jute bags, ropes and foot mats.

         7. Explain the process of making yarn from fiber?

       Ans- The process of making yarn from fiber is called spinning. In this process    fiber from a mass of cotton are drawn out and twisted this brings the fibers together to form the yarn. Spinning is done at home using simple devises like hand spindle (Takli) and charkha, on large scale big spinning machines are used.

Animals that help us to get Fibers

silkworm, cocoon, insect

There are many animals which help us in one way or other to get animal Fibers. The fleece of Sheep, Alpaca, Llama, Yak and some special types of Goats are used to get wool. These animals are found in various parts of the world. the usage of type of wool also depends upon the presence of these animals in that particular location.

Alpaca is found in South America, Llama is found in Australia, and some parts of Europe. Sheep is reared almost in every livable part of Earth. The Pashmina goats are reared in Kashmir of India, Yak is found in Tibet and middle Asia.

Not only these hairy animals provide us fiber, but silk worms also are the responsible ones to provide the queen of fiber called Silk. Silk is primarily yielded in China. The silkworms are reared in Mulberry trees and their caterpillar forms make cocoon which is converted into silk fibers after some series of processes.

ireland, sheep, lambs
himalayan yak, mountains, animal

NCERT Textbook Questions (Class-7)

  1. You must be familiar with the following nursery rhymes:

i) ‘Baa baa black sheep, have you any wool.’

ii) ‘Mary had a little lamb, whose fleece was white as snow.’

Answer the following:

a) Which parts of the black sheep have wool?

Answer- The skin of Black sheep has black wool.

b) What is meant by the white fleece of the lamb?

Answer- The white fleece of the lamb is also the white hair of white lamb.

          2. The silkworm is (a) a caterpillar, (b) a Larva . Choose the correct option:

Answer- A Caterpillar.

          3. Which of the following doesn’t yield wool: – Yak, Camel, Goat, Woolly Dog.

Answer- Woolly Dog.

          4. What is meant by:

i) Rearing:-  Rearing is the term used for the process of keeping, feeding, breeding and medical care of useful animals.

ii) Shearing: – Shearing is the cutting off or shaving off the fleece of some wool giving animals like sheep or yak from their skin. 

iii) Sericulture:- Sericulture is the process of cultivating silk worms, and extracting silk from them.

            5. Given below is the sequence of steps involved in processing of wool. Which are the missing steps?Add them.

Answer- Shearing , Scouring, Sorting, picking out burrs and cleaning, dyeing.

 

6. Make sketches of the stages of life history of the silk moth which are directly related to the production of silk.

           7. Which two terms are related to Silk Production?

Answer:- Sericulture and Moriculture.

        8. Match the words of Column I with those given in Column II.

Column I

Column II

1.      Scouring

(e) Cleaning sheared skin

 

2.      Mulberry leaves

( c) Food of Silk worm

 

3.      Yak

(b) Wool Yielding animal

 

4.      Cocoon

(a ) Yields silk fiber

 

Key words , Fiber to Fabric (7)

  1. Cocoon- A pupal casing made by caterpillars, moths and larvae of many insects to protect their pupa is called its Cocoon.
  2. Fleece- The coat of wool covering the skin of a hairy wool giving animal is its fleece.
  3. Reeling– Reeling is the process of spinning around or whirling a long piece of thread or fiber.
  4. Scouring- The process of cleaning something with water by rubbing it hard is called scouring.
  5. Sericulture– Sericulture is the process of cultivating silk worms and extracting silk from them.
  6. Shearing– The process of cutting or shaving off the fleece of some wool giving animals like sheep or llama from their skin is called shearing.
  7. Silk Moth–  Silk moth is an insect of moth family whose younger form called caterpillars (Silk worms) produce silk by weaving out a cocoon on Mulberry trees.
  8. Silk worm– Silk worms are those caterpillars which secrete out fiber made of proteins. these fibers on exposure to air become silk fibers. The silk worms feed on leaves of Mulberry trees.
  9. Sorting– The process of arranging the items in such a way that it may be easy to organize them and use them later is called sorting.
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