Parts of plants and their Functions-
Plants have many parts, and all the parts of plants have some function for the plant.
Roots of the Plant– Roots of the plants extract water and minerals from the soil. They hold the plant firmly to the soil. They anchor the plants to the soil.
Stem of the Plant- Stem of the plant are supply system of a plant. They supply water and minerals from root to different parts of the plant, and supply prepared food from leaves and branches to roots.. Also they provide support to the plant so that the plant may stand erect.
Leaves of the plant- The leaves of a plant prepare food for the plants with the help of water, carbon-dioxide , sun light and the chlorophyll present in them. The process of preparation of food for plant by their leaves is called Photosynthesis.
Flowers of the plant- Flowers of the plants help in reproduction of the plants along with the fruits, which contain seeds of the plant. The flowering plants contain seeds in them.
Fruits of a Plant: Fruits are the parts of plants that are eaten. they contain seeds in them which help the plants to reproduce through germination.
Types of Plants
1. HERBS- Plants with green and tender stems are called herbs. They are usually short and may not have many branches. Eg.- Mint, Wheat, Coriander etc.
2. SHRUBS- Plants which develop branches near the base of stems, and have hard but not very thick stems are called shrubs. Eg. – Mehandi, , Rose, Lemon etc.
3. TREES- Plants with very long, thick and Hard stems are called Trees. Eg. – Oak, Mango, Pine etc.
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| Herb |
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Shrub |
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Tree |
4. CREEPERS: Plants with weak stems that can not stand upright bu spread on the ground are called Creepers. Eg. Pumpkin, Watermelon, Musk Melon etc.
5. CLIMBERS: Plants which take support and climb up are called climbers. Eg. Money Plant, Bitter Gourd, Grapes etc.
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| Climber |
Exercise Questions
1. Correct the following statements and rewrite them in your notebook.
(a) Stem absorbs water and mineral from the soil.
Correction: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil
(b) Leaves hold the plant upright.
Correction: Stem hold the plant upright.
(c) Roots conduct water to the leaves.
Correction: Stem conduct water to the leaves.
(d) The number of petals and stamens in a flower is always equal.
Correction : The number of petals and sepals in a flower is not always equal.
(e) If the sepals of a flower are joined together, its petals are also joined together.
Correction: If the sepals of a flower are joined together , its petals are separate and not joined together.
(f) If the petals of a flower are joined together, then the pistil is joined to the petal.
Correction: If the petals of a flower are joined together , then the pistil is not necessarily joined to the petal.
2. Draw a) A leaf b) A Tap Root and c) A Flower.
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| Tap Root |
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| Flower |
 Leaf
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3. Can you find a plant in your house or in your neighborhood which has long but weak stem? Write its name. In which category will you place it?
Answer- Money Plant has a long but very weak stem. It is a climber. Also cucumber plant is a plant with long and very weak stem. It is also a climber.
4. What is the function of a stem?
Answer- Functions of a stem are:
- It holds the branches,leaves , flowers and fruits.
- It transports the food from leaves to other parts of plant and water and minerals from roots to different parts of plant.
5. Which of the following leaves have reticulate venation?
a) Wheat, b) Tulsi , c) Maize, d) Grass, e) Coriander f) China Rose
Answer- Tulsi, Coriander and China Rose.
6. If a plant has fibrous roots, what type of venation do its leaves have?
Answer- Parallel Venation.
7. If a plant has leaves with reticulated venation, What kind of roots will it have?
Answer- Taproot.
8. Is it possible for you to find out whether a plant has tap roots or fibrous roots by looking at the impression of leaves on the sheet of Paper?
Answer- Yes it is possible. If the leaves of the plant has reticulated venation, it will have tap roots, and if it has parallel venation, it will be having fibrous roots.
9. What are the parts of a flower?
Answer- Parts of a flower are- Sepals, Petals, Stamen and Pistil.
10. From the following plants, which of them has flowers:
Grass, maize, wheat , chilly, tomato, tulsi, peepal, sheesham, Banyan,mango, jamun, Guava, pomegranate, papaya, banana, lemon, Sugarcane, Potato, groundnut.
Answer- Almost all the plants have flowers because flowers help in reproduction of plants. But we haven’t seen flowers of a few plants like- Suagarcane, groundnut
11. Name the part of plant which produces food? Name the process.
Answer- Leaves produce food for the plants. The process used by them to produce food is called photosynthesis.
12. In which part of a flower you will find the Ovary?
Answer- Ovary is located in the lowermost and swollen part of the pistil of flower.
13. Name two plants in which one has joined Sepals and the other has separate Sepals?
Answer– Plant with joint sepals- Tomato, Brinjal
Plant with separated sepals- Lotus and Rose.